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1_readme.txt
The Life Cycle of a Mineral Deposit--A Teacher's Guide for
Hands-On Mineral Education Activities
By Dave Frank, John Galloway, and Ken Assmus
2005
General Information Product 17
U.S. Department of the Interior
Gale Norton, Secretary
U.S. Geological Survey
P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
QUICK START
For those who already have Adobe Reader installed, open
the file gip-17.pdf
INTRODUCTION
This teacher's guide defines what a mineral deposit is
and how a mineral deposit is identified and measured, how
the mineral resources are extracted, and how the mining
site is reclaimed; how minerals and mineral resources are
processed; and how we use mineral resources in our every-
day lives. Included are 10 activitybased learning
exercises that educate students on basic geologic
concepts; the processes of finding, identifying, and
extracting the resources from a mineral deposit; and the
uses of minerals. The guide is intended for K through 12
Earth science teachers and students and is designed to
meet the National Science Content Standards as defined by
the National Research Council (1996). To assist in the
understanding of some of the geology and mineral terms,
see the Glossary (appendix 1) and Minerals and Their Uses
(appendix 2).
The process of finding or exploring for a mineral
deposit, extracting or mining the resource, recovering
the resource, also known as beneficiation, and reclaiming
the land mined can be described as the "life cycle" of a
mineral deposit. The complete process is time consuming
and expensive, requiring the use of modern technology and
equipment, and may take many years to complete. Sometimes
one entity or company completes the entire process from
discovery to reclamation, but often it requires multiple
groups with specialized experience working together.
Mineral deposits are the source of many important
commodities, such as copper and gold, used by our
society, but it is important to realize that mineral
deposits are a nonrenewable resource. Once mined, they
are exhausted, and another source must be found. New
mineral deposits are being continuously created by the
Earth but may take millions of years to form. Mineral
deposits differ from renewable resources, such as
agricultural and timber products, which may be
replenished within a few months to several years.
FILES AND FOLDERS:
1_readme.txt - this file.
autohtml.exe, autorun.inf, showhtml.ini, and
usgsid.ico - Windows operating files.
gip-17.pdf - Teacher's Guide (40 pages; 4.2 MB)
Acrobat - Installer for Acrobat Reader for Macintosh and
Windows.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
See
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html
This report is for sale on CD-ROM from:
U.S. Geological Survey
Information Services, National Mapping Division
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Telephone: (888) ASK-USGS
Current pricing information is available from
http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/prices/.
ISBN: 1-411-30665-1
The bibliographical reference for this publication is:
Frank, Dave, Galloway, John, and Assumus, Ken, 2005, The
life cycle of a mineral deposit-A teacher's guide
for hands-on mineral education activities: U.S.
Geological Survey General Information Product 17,
40 p. (CD-ROM).
This report and any updates to it are available on line
at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/17/